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N49: Stellar Shrapnel Seen in Aftermath of Explosion
N49
N49
Visual Description:

  • N49 is a supernova remnant located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way

  • X-ray data from Chandra (blue) reveals the presence of a bullet-shaped object to the lower right

  • This "bullet," which is traveling at 5 million miles per hour, is evidence that the supernova explosion was highly asymmetric

This beautiful composite image shows N49, the aftermath of a supernova explosion in the Large Magellanic Cloud. A new long observation from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, shown in blue, reveals evidence for a bullet-shaped object being blown out of a debris field left over from an exploded star.

In order to detect this bullet, a team of researchers led by Sangwook Park of Penn State University used Chandra to observe N49 for over 30 hours. This bullet can be seen in the bottom right hand corner of the image (roll your mouse over the image above or click here) and is rich in silicon, sulphur and neon. The detection of this bullet shows that the explosion that destroyed the star was highly asymmetric.

The bullet is traveling at a high speed of about 5 million miles an hour away from a bright point source in the upper left part of N49. This bright source may be a so-called soft gamma ray repeater (SGR), a source that emits bursts of gamma rays and X-rays. A leading explanation for these objects is that they are neutron stars with extremely powerful magnetic fields. Since neutron stars are often created in supernova explosions, an association between SGRs and supernova remnants is not unexpected. This case is strengthened by the apparent alignment between the bullet's path and the bright X-ray source. However, the new Chandra data also shows that the bright source is more obscured by gas than expected if it really lies inside the supernova remnant. In other words, it is possible that the bright X-ray source actually lies beyond the remnant and is projected along the line of sight. Another possible bullet is located on the opposite side of the remnant, but it is harder to see in the image because it overlaps with the bright emission - described below - from the shock-cloud interaction.

Optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope (yellow and purple) shows bright filaments where the shock wave generated by the supernova is interacting with the densest regions in nearby clouds of cool, molecular gas.

Using the new Chandra data, the age of N49 — as it appears in the image — is thought to be about 5,000 years and the energy of the explosion is estimated to be about twice that of an average supernova. These preliminary results suggest that the original explosion was caused by the collapse of a massive star.

Visual Description:

A beautiful X-ray and optical image of the supernova remnant N49 is shown. The image features a bright blue, pale yellow and white glowing object in the center, sprinkled by stars. The structure of the image is like a flattened, softened diamond shape. A long observation from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, colored in blue, reveals evidence for a small bullet-shaped object being blown out of a debris field left over from an exploded star. This bullet, a blue blob, is in the bottom far right hand corner of the image and is rich in silicon, sulphur and neon. The detection of this bullet shows that the explosion that destroyed the star was highly asymmetric.

The bullet is traveling at a high speed of about 5 million miles an hour away from a bright point source in the upper left part of N49. This bright source may be a so-called soft gamma ray repeater a source that emits bursts of gamma rays and X-rays.

 

Fast Facts for N49:
Credit  X-ray: (NASA/CXC/Penn State/S.Park et al.); Optical: NASA/STScI/UIUC/Y.H.Chu & R.Williams et al
Release Date  May 24, 2010
Scale  Image is 1.63 arcmin (about 75 light years) across.
Category  Supernovas & Supernova Remnants
Coordinates (J2000)  RA 05h 25m 25.00s | Dec -65° 59´ 22.00"
Constellation  Dorado
Observation Date  4 pointings from Jul 18 to Sep 19, 2009
Observation Time  43 hours (1 day 19 hours)
Obs. ID  10123; 10806-10808
Instrument  ACIS
Color Code  X-ray (Blue); Optical (Yellow, Purple)
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X-ray
Distance Estimate  About 160,000 light years
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